Cliff-Hanger Mysteries in Our National Parks Series A Lesson Plan to Extend Learning Overview This book takes place in Mesa Verde National Park, where Dr. Landon tracks a cougar that attacked a hiker, and Jack and Ashley solve a mystery of their own involving a suspicious young girl named Lucky. The setting for this action-packed story gives students a taste of archaeology and the Hopi culture. In this lesson to extend the learning, students are asked to solve their own mystery. What caused the disappearance of the Ancestral Puebloans, creators of the beautiful cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde? In addition there are a variety of options for hands-on projects, classroom displays, and questions for discussion. Connection With the Curriculum: Geography and Social Studies Teaching Level: Grades 4-8 Time Frame: Approximately; 5 class periods of discussion and research. Projects can be given as homework or done in an additional 5 class periods. Materials: Copies of Cliff-Hanger, spiral notebooks, pencils, clay, paint, poster board, glue, markers, colored pencils, etc. Geography Standards: Standard 4: Physical and human characteristics of places Standard 12: Processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Standard 15: How physical systems affect human systems Standard 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Social Studies Standards: Standard 1: Culture and Cultural Diversity Standard 3: People, places, and environment Standard 8: Relationships among science, technology, and society Procedures: 1.If students have read Cliff-Hanger, ask them to list what they have learned about Mesa Verde from reading the book. Otherwise, have students make a list based on what they learned by reading chapter 6 on their own or aloud. 2.Record their findings on the board. Then ask students to organize these ideas into categories (architecture, agriculture, tool making, etc.) and write them in their notebooks. 3.Choose a project from the list below for the students to prepare either in groups or individually. To research their projects have the students use resource materials such as Web sites, articles, and additional printed materials. oMake a piece of pottery with traditional Pueblo designs oBuild a 3-D model of a building at Mesa Verde (material can be anything from cardboard to modeling clay) oDraw diagrams showing the development over time of the architecture found at Mesa Verde oCreate diagrams showing effective use of solar energy in cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde oMake a map of historic sites at Mesa Verde, showing the agriculture, living, religious, work/community, and water resource areas oIllustrate drawings of wildlife common in the area oCreate drawings of plants and add text to say what they were used for oCombine drawings of the tools or pottery archaeologists have found with explanations about what they were used for oIllustrate a poster with foods gathered and grown by the early inhabitants of Mesa Verde oCreate written reports on agriculture, wildlife, or park history oMake an illustrated timeline of the development and disappearance of the cliff dwellers oMake and share some traditional Puebloan foods 4.Ask students to present their projects and ideas orally. 5.Use their projects as a starting point for the following discussion questions: oWhere and when did the Ancestral Puebloans live? oWhat made this area desirable? Think in terms of climate (temperature, precipitation in the form of snow or rain) and resources (animals, plants, soil). How do archaeologists know what it was like 700 years ago? oThink about the geography of Mesa Verde. How was the land formed? oWho were the first inhabitants of the area, and when did they live there? What do archaeologists know about their shelters, tools, weapons, art, clothing, and food? oWhat is the name that is given to the next people to live here? What new technologies made living there easier for them? How did their shelters, tools, weapons, art, and clothing differ from those of earlier times? What kinds of foods did they grow, gather, or hunt? oFind out about the Developmental Pueblo Period. Why did the skulls of these people suddenly change shape? What major changes occurred in their living patterns (shelters, tools, weapons, clothing)? How did an increase in population make living both easier and more difficult? oDescribe the residents of Mesa Verde during the Classic or Great Pueblo Period. How did their architecture change and why? How well did they make use of the natural resources of the area? What, in your opinion, is the most fascinating aspect of this time period? oNow that you know more about the Ancestral Puebloans, why do you think they left? Provide evidence from your research to back up your theories. 6.Ask students what questions they still have. Have they solved the great mystery of the Ancestral Puebloans? Extending the Lesson 1.What do you think it would be like to be an archaeologist looking for clues at Mesa Verde? Find out more about archaeology as a career. 2.Find out more about the National Park Service. How long has it been in existence? What is its main purpose? What do you think it would be like to be a park ranger? 3.Research the history and physical layout of Mesa Verde National Park. Draw a map of the park and label the mesas, dwelling sites and Park Headquarters, or make an illustrated time line of the park's history. 4.Learn more about the Pueblo people, the descendants of the cliff dwellers at Mesa Verde. Where do they now live? In what ways is their current lifestyle similar to their ancestors'? How is it different? 5.Imagine your own city (town, village) a thousand years from now. What clues might archaeologists find to your present way of life (think about what has been found at Mesa Verde: buildings, tools, weapons, pottery, art, foods)? How close could those future archeologists come to understanding how you now live? Related Web Sites National Geographic Society www.nationalgeographic.com Includes a list of publications relating to Mesa Verde, for example: "Mystery of the Cliff Dwellers", World magazine, Feb 1998; "Old Ones of the Southwest," NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, April 1996; "Pueblo People", NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, April 1996; and National Geographic book Ancient Pioneers: The First Americans, George E. Stuart, 2001. National Park Service www.nps.gov Includes the electronic book "The Story of Mesa Verde" and a list of bibliographical resources. National Geography Standards: I.The World in Spatial Terms 1.Maps and other geographic tools for information in a spatial perspective 2.Mental maps in a spatial context 3.Spatial organizations of people, places, and environments II.Places and Regions 4.Physical and human characteristics of a place 5.Regions interpret Earth's complexity 6.Cultures and experience influence perceptions of places and regions III.Physical Systems 7.Physical processes shape Earth's surface 8.Characteristics and spatial distribution of ecosystems on Earth IV.Human Systems 9.Characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations 10.Characteristics, distribution, and complexity of cultural mosaics 11.Patterns and systems of economic interdependence 12.Processed, patterns, and functions of human settlement 13.How cooperation and conflict influence the division and control of Earth V.Environment and Society 14.How human actions modify the physical environments 15.How physical systems affect human systems 16.Changes in the meaning, use, distribution and importance of resources VI.The Uses of Geography 17.How to apply geography to interpret the past 18.How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future Curriculum Standard for Social Studies I.Culture: The study of culture and cultural diversity II.Time, Continuity and Change: The study of the ways people view themselves in and over time III.People, Places, and Environments: The study of people, places, and environments IV.Individuals Development and Identity: The study of individual development and identity V.Individuals, Groups, and Institutions: The study of interactions among individuals, groups, and institutions VI.Power, Authority, and Governance: The study of how people create, and change structure of power, authority, and governance VII.Production, Distribution, and Consumption: The study of how people organize for the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services VIII.Science, Technology, and Society: The study of relationships among science, technology and society IX.Global Connections: The study of global connections and interdependence. X.Civic Ideals and Practices: The ideals, principles, and practices of citizenship in a democratic republic